Crime Prevention

Crime Prevention.

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In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that “Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society” (2012). Answer one of the following questions:

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  • How do these theories help us understand the relationship between criminals and law enforcement, the courts, corrections, and society?
  • What are some of the results we would expect to see if these theories are correct in assessing criminal activity?
  • How would the rational choice and deterrence theories change the policing strategy of your department if you were in a police department utilizing traditional policing techniques or a department utilizing community oriented and problem solving techniques?

Your initial post must be a minimum of 250 words in length. Support your post with examples from your required reading material and /or other scholarly sources, and provide in-text citation in APA style.

Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor. Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project?

*Here is the first classmate to respond to. This is not to critique their work. More so just to discuss further on the subject following what they said.

First student: William DeBoer

Rational choice theory suggests that crime occurs because offenders perceive greater potential rewards than they do potential punishments or consequences from their actions (Robinson, 2013, s. 7.1). Essentially, criminals make their own decisions to commit crimes based on maximizing their pleasure, as long as the gain outweighs the risk involved (Robinson, 2013, s. 7.1). The main issue with this theory is that your typical offender is not thoughtfully reflective as Robinson (2013) explains in our textbook, Crime Prevention (s. 7.1). The author goes on to explain that studies of real offenders are not like mature adults who approach decisions rationally and with consideration for long-term consequences.With this in mind, another theory asserts that crime can be deterred by increasing potential risks and consequences (Robinson, 2013, s.7.1). The theory uses fear as a deterrent and in my opinion, rightfully so. These two theories help us understand the relationship between law enforcement and the criminal offenders they come in contact with. These theories allow us to assess the crimes that are being committed the most and possibly lead us to the determination that the punishment for these crimes is too lax.That is under the assumption that the offender even considers the consequences, prior to the commission, of the crime. Increasing the punishment for certain crimes will only work if the criminals themselves are cognizant of the repercussions and understand them in the first place. These theories are a great tool in considering the causes of high rates of specific types of crime but are not a definitive answer.There is much more to consider than the offender’s rational decision making.

Second Student: Brandon Hall

Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society” (2012)

How do these theories help us understand the relationship between criminals and law enforcement, the courts, corrections, and society?

Rational choice theory suggests that crime occurs because offenders perceive greater potential rewards or

benefits from their crimes than they do potential punishments or losses (Clarke & Cornish, 2001) The criminal chooses between which is the greatest reward. Not really thinking if he or she gets caught. It’s the level of reward that will influence the criminal’s choice. However, your typical offender is not a thoughtfully reflective decision maker (Paternoster & Pogarsky,

2009). The offenders really don’t think of the long term consequences like a mature adult. Even mature adults can get desperate and make a bad decision not really thinking of the consequences.

Deterrence theory asserts that we can deter or prevent crime by increasing the potential risks to criminals so that the risks outweigh the potential benefits or rewards to be gained from committing crime.

This theory is used to put fear into the offender so he or she will not commit the crime or will understand the consequences if caught.

There are two types of deterrence’s. Specific deterrence and general deterrence. Specific deterrence uses punishment to cause fears in a known offender so that he or she will not commit another crime; as such, this is an example of tertiary crime prevention.

General deterrence theory is when an offender is caught and punished it makes society not want to commit that same type of crime.

Police do not spend most of their time engaged in crime control or crime prevention activities. Law enforcement is more reactive. They are usually in response to a crime. 70% of police departments had officers whose regular duties involved responding to calls for service (U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011a). This is called crime control. There are a couple ways to prevent crime while policing. Patrol targeted hot spots and getting involved with community policing. The courts can issue a sentence based on the crime committed and if the offender is remorse. Is the offender an habitual offender or is this his/her first offense? Can the offender be rehabilitated? What kind of program will help this offender be rehabilitated? Society is strongly affected by crime, both due to the cost of crime, as well as the decline in the quality of life that citizens suffer as a result of crime. Society can also play a role in reducing and deterring crime. Most agencies involved in crime prevention are based society and community efforts.

Crime Prevention

 
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